The role of teaching staff of the Academy of the Interior Ministry in combating extremism and terrorism

The international community in recent years is constantly faced with such a large-scale, diverse in forms and methods of action phenomenon of religious and political extremism and its most painful form of manifestation - terrorism.
Extremism as a political, legal and cultural phenomenon exists since ancient times, but in the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan as a certain political current special distribution it received on 90-ies of the XX century, after the collapse of the Soviet Union. According to Payziev B., « research the problem of terrorism has become urgent in the early 70s of the 20th century and is itself at the moment».
Now widely spread political radicalism and extremism. Some of the extreme forms of political confrontation refer extremism and terrorism. Significantly increased the threat to the national interests and constitutional order of states from various extremist groups and organizations. Despite the organizational, legal and law enforcement measures combating all the world community and individual states, terrorism is not only not on the wane, but is becoming more common and with new forms. Therefore, the issues of fight against extremism and terrorism, which have, unfortunately, a great prospect, are both objectives of the faculty for the Academy of the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Tajikistan, who preparing future professionals in this field.
These tasks with regard to training specialists in the Academy of the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Tajikistan can be divided into several levels. Firstly, the theoretical level, in which the students should acquire knowledge about the history, ideology, methods and perspectives of functioning extremist and terrorist organizations, also about the experience and how to combat them. Here, in particular, it is an important aspect etymologization terrorist organizations. This subject should be carried out specialists of the social sciences.
Central place in classification of terrorism belongs to its division of the state, international and internal terrorism.
State terrorism - is any violence, carried out by specialized state bodies in relation to foreign countries, and domestic opponents.
International terrorism is a kind of wide-scale terrorism. It has both common features of this phenomenon and features. Specific features of this socio-political phenomenon are that it poses a potential threat to the world order and security. Its main subject is non-state terrorist groups and organizations, the interaction between which is organized in accordance with their political orientation.
Internal terrorism arises on the basis of internal, not disposed to resolve the contradictions in the country, and is shown as in activity of extremist forces, organizations and individuals in relation to the existing government, and the confrontation of forces and organizations that use terrorist methods in power.
On the ideological and political platforms of terrorist organizations allocate these types of terrorism, as "ideological", "nationalist", "religious", and others. The ideological terrorism (social or political) can be divided into "right" and "left." Right-terrorism at its core is the concept of denying democratic values, institutions, political liberalism, the rule of law. Left extremism is based on the ideas of anarchism and pseudo revolutionism. It is aimed at violent change of the public system.
In the modern political practice became widespread nationalist terrorism, aimed at achieving political goals: a violation of the territorial integrity of the country, violent change of the constitutional system and state structure, legal status of the country and the administrative-territorial formations, against the "dominance" of immigrants from other countries, and more.
Religious terrorism, though it is under religious slogans and dogma, has the main task of achieving political goals. Describing terrorism in its functional purpose in the system of socio-political relations, identify two opposite directions: protective and offensive. In the first case we are talking about the use of terrorism forms and methods for the protection of certain political and power structures - the government, the constitutional system, political regime. In the second, terror serves the purpose of destruction, disorganization and weakening of functioning of power structures.
On the grounds of the subject is isolated criminal terrorism, which are the main carriers of the structure of organized crime, which are becoming more and more politicized. Of particular note is the aggravation of terrorism by criminal structures of organized crime.
Identification of spatial conditions of terrorism specificity allows allocating land, air and maritime terrorism.
The features of modern terrorism is a qualitative improvement of the forces and means used by terrorist organizations, increase the training of terrorists by providing mutual assistance, the exchange of experiences and the organization of cooperation between terrorist structures, the creation of terrorist training camps, distribution mercenaries practice.
Founder of Peace and National Unity, Leader of the nation, the President of the Republic of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon in his Message to the Parliament said: "With the United Nations stands and other influential international organizations I have repeatedly stressed, that the terrorist has no homeland, nation, religion and belief.
Moreover, horrible and disgusting phenomenon of terrorism, which is often manifested by religious and mazhabs slogans, has no relationship to the sacred religion of Islam, on the contrary, it is carried out by enemies of the sacred religion and the medieval terrorist atrocities, especially, suffer from Islamic countries and Muslims of the planet "
And also in his Address to Parliament Leader of the nation Emomali Rahmon instructed the General Prosecutor's Office with other relevant authorities as soon as possible to develop and submit to the National Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan to combat extremism and terrorism in the years 2016-2020.
The international community recognizes of terrorism illegal, criminal act, but the approaches to the definition of terrorism are very diverse and are caused by the conflicting interests of members of the international community. Establish such centers for the study of terrorism, both in the Study of Terrorism Institute at the University of New York, the International Association of professionals in the field of counter-terrorism and security, the Scottish Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence, etc., Which are involved in the development of counter-terrorism measures. However, it seems necessary to create a global system of counteraction against international terrorism led by the United Nations.
What has been said about the theoretical level, the study of the problems and methods of combating international terrorism to some extent reveals the problem MIA educational institutions in this matter. As you can see, this is a problem disciplinary poly: as part of the study the majority of socio-humanitarian and legal disciplines is necessary, therefore, to devote specific topics to explore the issues of countering international terrorism. It visibly shows the students complexity, diversity and urgency of the problem and at the same time reveal the full range of possible methods of counteraction. However necessary and individual courses, both within individual disciplines, integrating and summarizing the role of disciplinary knowledge in this field.
In his work "Normative legal and judicial acts concerning the activities of organizations, parties, movements and terrorist extremists orientation", the Minister of Internal Affairs Lieutenant-General of militia Rahimzoda Ramazon Hamro said: "The Ministry of Internal Affairs in order to form a level of knowledge and legal culture has published this book that provides a study of normative legal and judicial acts concerning the activities of organizations, parties, movements, terrorism and extremist orientation, which is an essential reference material for operational officers, investigators, prosecutors, courts, lawyers, teachers, students, trainees, special high schools, as well as a broad field of population. "
The main tasks of the faculty of the Academy for training in the fight against terrorism and extremism are:
1. A comprehensive study, study of the problem of extremism and terrorism, especially in the Central Asian region.
2. Subject to the requirements of modern pedagogy and the latest technology to bring to the cadets and students of students of the concept, the story and the negative consequences of extremism and terrorism.
3. Conduct a legal analysis and qualification of the crime extremisms and terrorist nature, with the new changes and additions to the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan.
4. Systematic seminars, round tables with students and cadets of the Academy, practice of law enforcement officers, the general population to combat extremism and terrorism.
5. The lighting in the press and other media event on countering extremism and terrorism.
6. The Department operatively-search activity DMIA conducts a special course on "ombating extremism and terrorism in the global and regional scale."
7. Cooperation of the faculty of the Academy with the Center for counteraction to extremism and terrorism OCD Interior Ministry of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Centre for the Study of analysis,
The authors hope to prudent public cooperation with the Internal Affairs to combat extremism and terrorism. In this active association of MIA decision of the Board dated 16 January 2016, is actively involved teaching staff of the Academy and to make their contribution in the general case to counter extremism and terrorism.
Then, based on the understanding of the problem of international terrorism as a global problem of humanity, ie, like this, the solution of which is possible only through close international cooperation, must be properly set up and trained. Here the focus should be on attracting actual practice of international cooperation in the framework of educational programs. Students should receive not only theoretical and statistical information on the fight against extremism and terrorism in other countries, but also the specific skills of international cooperation in this domain.
Trained specialist counter-terrorism unit should not have barriers to co-operation with foreign counterparts, neither language, neither technical nor information nor theoretical. All this makes an important contribution to the integration of the future expert in international experience in combating extremism and terrorism. In the context of the increasing complication of the political situation in the world, its rapid transformation, increasing the gain of interstate and inter-religious conflicts, the expansion of cross-border organized crime and the protection of borders, security of the state and the nation is considered paramount for us and vital issue.
Thus, the authors believe that a necessary condition for the fight against extremism and terrorism is its prevention, conducting a lot of flat activity, with a population especially with young people, which should actively participate faculty of the Academy of Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan.

Faizali Kosimov,
Bozorali Aslamov,
teachers of Academy MIA RT
Khizirali Mahmadov,
3rd year student of the Belgorod
Law Institute of the Russian Interior Ministry